The aim of this simulation convert approximately 250 tonnes of hot metal and scrap into steel. Most of the metallurgical work has been moved into secondary met. Primary steelmaking involves converting liquid iron from a blast furnace and steel scrap into steel via basic oxygen steelmaking, or melting scrap steel or direct reduced iron dri in an electric arc furnace. In an integrated steelworks the basic oxygen steelmaking bos process is required for the refining of molten iron from a blast furnace to produce steel. Basic oxygen steelmaking is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbonrich molten pig iron is made into steel. Basic oxygen furnace bof steel making or basic oxygen furnace steelmaking bos or linzdonawitzverfahren steelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method in which both molten pig iron and steel scrap are converted into steel with the oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag. Basic oxygen steelmaking also known as linzdonawitzsteelmaking or the oxygen converter.
Various chemical reactions are initiated, either in sequence or simultaneously, in order to. Steel is made by the bessemer, siemens open hearth, basic oxygen furnace, electric arc, electric highfrequency and crucible processes. Basic oxygen furnace bof the basic oxygen furnace process uses 25 to 35 percent old steel to make new steel. The only drawback of the technology is, however, localised wear of refractories surrounding the element. Zinc removal from basic oxygen steelmaking filter cake by. This is achieved by blowing oxygen into the melt to cause a decarburization in the melt which lowers the carbon content to between 0. Oxidation is carried out with high purity oxygen gas which is blown in the bof. And the development of oxygen blowing technology is now the large part of steelmaking history. Steelmaking is an extensive industry based on modifying the physical properties of iron to fit a wide range of applications by either adding alloying elements or removal of impurities. The electric arc furnace uses primarily electrical energy to supply heat to melt scrap steel, sponge. Dmitri kopeliovich basic oxygen furnace bof is a steel making furnace, in which molten pig iron and steel scrap convert into steel due to oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag the basic oxygen process basic oxygen furnace, basic oxygen steelmaking, basic oxygen converter is the most powerful and effective steel making method. Request pdf zinc removal from basic oxygen steelmaking filter cake by leaching with organic acids the dust generated from the basic oxygen steelmaking bos process is a waste material mainly.
Oxidation of phosphorus from hot metal has been studied by several authors since the early days of steelmaking. The openhearth process was in turn replaced by the basic oxygen process, which is. Erosion is a problem in basic oxygen steelmaking furnaces when an oxygen lance is used, in blast furnaces when the tuyeres are in operation, and in glass tanks especially those that are gas fired. Supplementation of lactobacillus plantarum improves markers of metabolic dysfunction induced by a high fat diet. Basic oxygen furnace based steelmaking processes and cleanliness control at baosteel l. Bos is the most common and dominant primary steelmaking process used in the world today. Hydration of dicalcium silicate and diffusion through neoformed calciumsilicatehydrates at weathered surfaces control the longterm leaching behaviour of basic oxygen furnace bof steelmaking slag. Basic oxygen steelmaking is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbonrich molten pig iron is converted into steel. The basic thermodynamic data for these reactions are well established, and the equilibrium carbon and oxygen contents may be readily calculated for all temperatures and pressures encountered in steelmaking. Basic oxygen furnace bof is a steel making furnace, in which molten pig iron and steel scrap convert into steel due to oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag. Desulphurisation, ironmaking, steelmaking, hot metal desulphurisation methods, thermodynamics, kinetics a activity.
When engineers in the early 1950s were looking for alternatives to the siemensmartin and thomas steelmaking processes, they could not have imagined that they would initiate a revolution in steel manufacturing with the development of the linzdonawitz ld converter also known as the basic oxygen furnace bof. Also, it can achieve further production cost reductions and productivity improvements in combination with highperformance ancillary equipment. Main components of the slags are cao, sio 2, al 2 o 3, mgo, and iron oxides, and the compositions of slags depend on the process. Zinc removal from basic oxygen steelmaking bos filter cake.
A thesis submitted to the school of graduate studies in partial fulfilent of the requirements for the degree. History of basic oxygen steelmaking basic oxygen steelmaking bos is the process of making steel by blowing pure oxygen o2 in a liquid metal bath contained in a vessel which is known as basic oxygen furnace bof, ld converter, or simply converter. Pdf desphosphorization in ironmaking and oxygen steelmaking. Pdf thermodynamics of phosphorus and sulphur removal during. The presentations describes bof steelmaking process, factors affecting lining life and bof gas collection and cleaning. It is therefore critical to maintain a slag composition that improves the phosphorus removal.
Basic oxygen furnace an overview sciencedirect topics. The development of a process charge expert system for a basic. Nov 14, 2016 the purpose of the basic oxygen steelmaking bos process is to refine the hot metal produced in the blast furnace into raw liquid steel, which may be subsequently refined in the secondary. Removal of impurity elements from hot metal is essential in basic oxygen steelmaking. Explore the basic oxygen steelmaking simulation to convert molten iron and recycled steel into new steel. An alternative way of determining the carbon and temperature level of the bath is described in u. Primary steelmaking known as linzdonawitzverfahren steelmaking 28. Thermodynamics of phosphorus and sulphur removal during basic oxygen steelmaking article pdf available november 2010 with 2,145 reads how we measure reads. The oxygen steelmaking process is one of the most common and efficient steel production methods. Secondary steelmaking involves refining of the crude steel before casting and the various operations are normally carried out in ladles. A brief discussion of the process is included in the following paragraphs. Basic oxygen process bop, a steelmaking method in which pure oxygen is blown into a bath of molten blastfurnace iron and scrap. We have seen that the oxygen blowing onto hot metal to make liquid steel is quite important. Figure 151 is an idealized diagram showing the changes in concentrations of the elements in an ld metal bath during oxygen blowing.
Multiphysical modeling approach for basic oxygen steelmaking process. Oxygen steelmaking training dvd from the bcsa and tata steel. At high temperatures, oxygen is blown through the metal, which reduces the carbon content to between 01. The purpose of the basic oxygen steelmaking bos process is to refine the hot metal produced in the blast furnace into raw liquid steel, which may be subsequently refined in the secondary. In both the acid bessemer and basic bessemer or thomas processes molten pig iron is refined by blowing air through it in an eggshaped vessel, known as a converter, of 1525 tonnes capacity. This study profiles the major and minor constituents of slag from each furnace. In the case of japan, three types of slags, namely bf slag, bof slag, and eaf slag are mainly produced, which amount is shown in figure.
Basic oxygen steelmaking journal of chemical education. Numerical study of the gas distribution in an oxygen blast furnace. Dec 16, 2015 history of basic oxygen steelmaking basic oxygen steelmaking bos is the process of making steel by blowing pure oxygen o2 in a liquid metal bath contained in a vessel which is known as basic oxygen furnace bof, ld converter, or simply converter. Us3445101a cooling units for fume hood on basic oxygen.
Sixstory buildings are needed to house the basic oxygen. The bos process uses pure oxygen, injected by a lance, for refining the relatively impure hot metal and scrap is used for temperature control. More than half the worlds steel is produced in the basic oxygen process bop, which uses pure oxygen to convert a charge of liquid blastfurnace iron and scrap into steel. Today the task and aim of the basic oxygen steelmaking bos technology is to supply molten steel produced from hot metal, scrap, flux and other coolantfuel charge just in time to meet the logistic requirements of a modern steel melt and continuous casting shop. Bos basic oxygen furnace and the more modern eaf electric arc furnace methods. Pyrometallurgical removal of zinc from basic oxygen.
Modelling of basic oxygen steel making process has significant utility as productivity and lining life of basic oxygen steelmaking bos is highly dependable upon mass, momentum, energy transfer and rigorous interaction among metal, slag and. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. The process is also called basic oxygen steelmaking. The bos method adds recycled scrap steel to the molten iron in a converter. In iron and steel making using converter widely known as a basic oxygen furnace bof to remove carbon from molten pig iron is a mature process. Plant and equipment, metallurgical processes, chemistry, raw materials, products and byproducts. The openhearth furnace ohf uses the heat of combustion of gaseous or liquid fuels to convert a charge of scrap and liquid blastfurnace iron to. Dephosphorization during the latter part of the basic oxygen steelmaking process is very important because the conditions are favorable compared to other processes within primary and secondary steelmaking. Thomas4 optical microscopy, total oxygen measurements and slime tests have been conducted to quantify. One of stateofart method to make steel from iron ore. Development of lowemission integrated steelmaking process development of lowemission integrated steelmaking process.
Pdf multiphysical modeling approach for basic oxygen. The basic oxygen furnace bof is a refractorylined, tiltable converter into which a vertically movable, watercooled lance is inserted to blow oxygen through nozzles at. Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into steel. Dephosphorization strategies and modelling in oxygen. Control of slopping in basic oxygen steelmaking by george k. The basic oxygen steelmaking module is part of the steel manufacturing course. Dec 08, 20 chemistry of steelmaking by basic oxygen furnace. The name originates from the two austrian cities linz and donawitz where this method was first implemented. This results in homogenous temperature and chemistry, higher yield and better phosphorus partition. Today about 80 percent of the steel in germany is produced using this method. Ironmaking and steelmaking slags are inevitably generated as a byproduct from ironmaking and steelmaking processes. Basic oxygen furnace based steelmaking processes and. Steel duquesne works, basic oxygen steelmaking plant, along monongahela river, duquesne, allegheny county, pa contributor names historic american engineering record, creator u.
Zinc removal from basic oxygen steelmaking bos filter. Understanding dephosphorization in basic oxygen furnaces mdpi. Physical and chemical characteristics of blast furnace. Basic oxygen furnace bof is a steel making furnace, in which molten pig iron and steel scrap convert into steel due to oxidizing action of. Recycling and reuse of basic oxygen furnace bof basic oxygen process bop in steelmaking slags continued based on previous research conducted by mtu, it is believed that steelmaking slag can be processed into highiron and noniron fractions. The process is known as basic due to the chemical nature of the refractoriescalcium oxide and magnesium oxidethat line the vessel to withstand the high. Steel duquesne works, basic oxygen steelmaking plant. Basic oxygen furnace bof steel making or basic oxygen furnace steelmaking bos or linzdonawitzverfahren steelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method in which both molten pig iron and steel scrap are converted into steel with the oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic.
Jan 06, 2011 describe the basic oxyzen steelmaking bos. Iron contains impurities in the form of silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, and manganese. Eafs range in capacity from a few tons to as many as 400 tons, and a steelmaking shop can have from one to. Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into lowcarbon steel. The results from tablet testing show that coke and metallic iron.
This module introduces the learner to the operation of the basic oxygen steelmaking furnace for the transformation of molten iron to steel. Regions susceptible to this must therefore have high hardness and toughness. The openhearth process, which was developed in the 1860s, did not suffer from this difficulty, and it eventually outstripped the bessemer process to become the dominant steelmaking process until the mid20th century. After the sample has been analyzed for carbon content, the results are sent back to the furnace operator. We have seen that the oxygen lance was lowered from top portion of converter and this is the most typical converter shape. Model development for refining rates in oxygen steelmaking. How steel is made using the basic oxygen steelmaking process. The oxygen initiates a series of intensively exothermic heatreleasing reactions, including the oxidation of such impurities as carbon, silicon, phosphorus, and. Feb 25, 2016 basic oxygen furnace bof steel making or basic oxygen furnace steelmaking bos or linzdonawitzverfahren steelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method in which both molten pig iron and steel scrap are converted into steel with the oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag. The chemical reactions within the basic oxygen steelmaking process are given in eqs. Zinc removal from basic oxygen steelmaking filter cake was studied by tablet testing and in a millipot under different conditions.
Bof and eaf steelmaking processes as a first step to estimate the unknown output streams, thereafter calculating the energy profile and drawing sankey diagram. Basic oxygen steelmaking article about basic oxygen. Basic oxygen steelmaking reactions iron and steelmaking ii. Pdf thermodynamics of phosphorus and sulphur removal. Basic oxygen steelmaking bos is a method of creating steel that utilizes the blowing of pure oxygen to convert liquid iron and scrap into steel basic oxygen steelmaking. Basic oxygen steelmaking bos, bop, bof, or osm, also known as linzdonawitzsteelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbonrich molten pig iron is made into steel. Sulphur removal in ironmaking and oxygen steelmaking. Though it has been almost completely replaced by bof and eaf steelmaking in many highly industrialized countries, the open hearth nevertheless accounts for about onesixth of all steel produced worldwide. Sep 04, 1973 after the sample has been analyzed for carbon content, the results are sent back to the furnace operator. Basic oxygen steelmaking simulation steeluniversity. For low sulphur concentrations sm desulphurisation, with a decreased oxygen activity and a basic slag, is always required. Environmental science and pollution research 2018, 25 10.
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